IN VITRO FERTILISATION ( IVF)
INTRODUCTION
In this session we will first try to understand a little bit about female reproductive system , after that we will get to know what exactly is IVF and what are the main procedures involved in it , we will also look at the main causes of In Vitro Fertilization .
- little bit about the female reproductive system ..
The main parts of the female reproductive system are : vagina, cervix, uterus, uterine or fallopian tubes and a pair of ovaries. 
- Generally, during the monthly menstrual cycle, an egg gets released from one of the ovary in ovulation process. Then it is taken up by the fragments of fallopian tube and enters inside it ( a women is more likely to get pregnant if she has sex just after, before or during the ovulation process .)
- During that time, sperm enters the vagina, travels towards the fallopian tube and fertilizes the egg.
- The fertilized egg also called an embryo passes through the tube and in uterus it sheds its outer layer called ZONA PELLUCIDA in a process called zona hatching,
- now, the embryo gets implanted in the thick lining of uterus , during implantation a connection between the women body system and the embryo starts to grow .
- During the time , this connection ( called placenta ) helps in transferring oxygen and nutrients to the foetus.
But if the women has been having trouble getting pregnant may be due to INFERTILITY, or desire to have a child without a MALE PARTNER, then in this case IVF can be used to help the women get pregnant. IVF..
In Vitro Fertilization is a process in which women's egg gets fertilized outside the body and then placed back inside to help her get pregnant . BEFORE IVF ..
- Fertility medications - Generally only one egg gets matured in the ovary because the other eggs present inside the follicle gradually degenerates in order to provide a better environment and adequate nutrients to the one remaining egg that gets matured. But, fertility medications helps more than one egg to get matured in the ovary.
- Semen sample - The male partner provides semen sample so that the healthiest sperms can be used for fertilization.
- Semen donor - If the male partner is completely infertile also called STERILE or the woman is not having any male partner , then in that case semen donor helps in providing the semen sample for the process.
PROCEDURES INVOLVED IN IVF ..
- FOLLICAL ASPIRATION - During this process, eggs are taken out from the ovary . In this an an ULTRASOUND PROBE is inserted inside the vagina so that the doctors can examine the ovary and search for follicles ( they are nothing but fluid filled sacs that usually contain an egg ). Then a NEEDLE is inserted into and through the uterus and a SUCTION DEVICE is used to harvest out the eggs from the ovary.
- FERTILISATION - The eggs are fertilized in a laboratory . It begins with a process of INSEMINATION- in which either the sperm is mixed with the healthiest eggs or the sperm is directly injected into the egg , this process is called INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION.
Fertilized eggs or embryos are kept in observation for about 4 - 5 hours. Here the doctor may create a hole in the ZONA PELLUCIDA so that through the process of ASSISTED HATCHING the embryo comes out and gets implanted in the uterus. 
assisted hatching.
Some embryos are directly used for EMBRYO TRANSFER while others are kept frozen for future purpose , if necessary.
3. EMBRYO TRANSFER - During embryo transfer , a tool called SPECULUM is inserted inside the vagina of the women so that the doctor can see the cervix.
A SYRINGE will be loaded with fluid containing one or more hatched embryos , then the syringe will be connected to a long tube called CATHETER , then the doctor will insert the catheter through the vagina, to cervix and then in uterus. And finally the doctor injects out the embryos .
After that the speculum and catheter are removed from the women's vagina and the women is monitored for the next 20-25 mins and finally discharged. 
embryos getting injected out from the catheter to the uterus.
THANK YOU..
- little bit about the female reproductive system ..
- Generally, during the monthly menstrual cycle, an egg gets released from one of the ovary in ovulation process. Then it is taken up by the fragments of fallopian tube and enters inside it ( a women is more likely to get pregnant if she has sex just after, before or during the ovulation process .)
- During that time, sperm enters the vagina, travels towards the fallopian tube and fertilizes the egg.
- The fertilized egg also called an embryo passes through the tube and in uterus it sheds its outer layer called ZONA PELLUCIDA in a process called zona hatching,
- now, the embryo gets implanted in the thick lining of uterus , during implantation a connection between the women body system and the embryo starts to grow .
- During the time , this connection ( called placenta ) helps in transferring oxygen and nutrients to the foetus.
IVF..
In Vitro Fertilization is a process in which women's egg gets fertilized outside the body and then placed back inside to help her get pregnant .
BEFORE IVF ..
- Fertility medications - Generally only one egg gets matured in the ovary because the other eggs present inside the follicle gradually degenerates in order to provide a better environment and adequate nutrients to the one remaining egg that gets matured. But, fertility medications helps more than one egg to get matured in the ovary.
- Semen sample - The male partner provides semen sample so that the healthiest sperms can be used for fertilization.
- Semen donor - If the male partner is completely infertile also called STERILE or the woman is not having any male partner , then in that case semen donor helps in providing the semen sample for the process.
PROCEDURES INVOLVED IN IVF ..
- FOLLICAL ASPIRATION - During this process, eggs are taken out from the ovary . In this an an ULTRASOUND PROBE is inserted inside the vagina so that the doctors can examine the ovary and search for follicles ( they are nothing but fluid filled sacs that usually contain an egg ). Then a NEEDLE is inserted into and through the uterus and a SUCTION DEVICE is used to harvest out the eggs from the ovary.
- FERTILISATION - The eggs are fertilized in a laboratory . It begins with a process of INSEMINATION- in which either the sperm is mixed with the healthiest eggs or the sperm is directly injected into the egg , this process is called INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION.
Fertilized eggs or embryos are kept in observation for about 4 - 5 hours. Here the doctor may create a hole in the ZONA PELLUCIDA so that through the process of ASSISTED HATCHING the embryo comes out and gets implanted in the uterus.assisted hatching.
3. EMBRYO TRANSFER - During embryo transfer , a tool called SPECULUM is inserted inside the vagina of the women so that the doctor can see the cervix.
A SYRINGE will be loaded with fluid containing one or more hatched embryos , then the syringe will be connected to a long tube called CATHETER , then the doctor will insert the catheter through the vagina, to cervix and then in uterus. And finally the doctor injects out the embryos .
A SYRINGE will be loaded with fluid containing one or more hatched embryos , then the syringe will be connected to a long tube called CATHETER , then the doctor will insert the catheter through the vagina, to cervix and then in uterus. And finally the doctor injects out the embryos .
After that the speculum and catheter are removed from the women's vagina and the women is monitored for the next 20-25 mins and finally discharged. embryos getting injected out from the catheter to the uterus.
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